3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) as a Natural Agent for Reducing Biofilm and Virulence of Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the effects of the natural compound 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) on biofilm
formation, microbial growth, and acid production by Streptococcus mutans, one of major etiological
agents related to dental caries. To determine this, we performed our study and found that the higher the
concentration of DIM (100 µg/mL) in comparison to other concentrations the more evident biofilm
reduction occurs. A moderate inhibition of bacterial growth at higher concentrations was also noted in our
experiments, indicating that DIM is acting mainly by inhibiting bacterial virulence rather than by causing
general inhibition of viability. In addition, pH values significantly increased upon treatment with DIM,
suggestive of reduction in acid production and reduced cariogenic potential. Overall, results indicate that
DIM may act as a potential natural agent with anti-biofilm and anti-virulence activity against
Streptococcus mutans..