Low level of IL1F10 gene expression encoding interleukin-38 is a marker associated with risk of diabetes patients

الملخص

Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder and a leading cause of physical disability worldwide. It is also
classified as an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, with cytokines
playing a role in the disease process and insulin resistance. This research aims to analyze IL1F10 gene
expression, which encodes the anti-inflammatory interleukin-38, in diabetic patients to understand its role
in inflammatory and insulin-resistance pathways. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was
used to measure gene expression based on fold change. The results showed a decrease in IL1F10
expression in diabetes patients compared to control groups (median [interquartile range: 25-75%]) (0.097
[0.018-1.819]). IL1F10 expression was significantly affected by disease duration and treatment status
only. Disease duration showed a marked reduction in the expression level of newly diagnosed patients
compared to other groups [3.846 (1.427-5.910) vs. 0.384 (0.010-1.169); 0.058 (0.021-2.134); and 0.059
(0.018-0.803); p-value = 0.007, respectively]. While treatment status showed a marked increase in the
expression level of untreated patients compared to those treated [3.846 (1.819–5.910 vs. 0.056 (0.018
0.754); p < 0.001, respectively]. ROC curve analysis demonstrated the reliability of IL1F10 expression in
differentiating between diabetic patients and control groups (area under the curve = 0.696; probability
<0.001). Finally, the expression of IL1F10 mRNA is down-regulated in diabetic patients and is only
significantly affected by disease duration and treatment status, and can be considered a potential risk factor
for diabetic patients.